Excavation refers to the process of uncovering buried or hidden objects, structures, or materials. This can be done through manual methods (such as shoveling or digging), using heavy machinery (such as bulldozers, cranes, or backhoes), or blasting with explosives. Generally speaking, excavation requires a permit if it is taking place on public property. The specifics of what is required for a permit vary from state to state and municipality to municipality. Generally speaking, some form of environmental review must be completed to assess any potential impacts the excavation may have on the surrounding area.
Excavation is the process of uncovering buried objects or remains. This may be done by digging, scraping, or removing any material that covers the object. It requires a permit when it disturbs human remains. The excavation process begins with site assessment. This includes studying the site map and taking note of any structures or features that could impede or complicate excavation. A grid is then set up over the area to be excavated, using string and wooden stakes pegged into the ground at regular intervals. The grid helps to ensure accuracy in recording levels and features as they are unearthed. Next, the topsoil (the uppermost layer of soil) is removed, usually using a shovel. The soil is then screened for artifacts.
