Grading is the process of sculpting a flat or gently sloping surface, such as the ground before a building is constructed. Excavation is the process of removing earth, stones, and other materials from an area; for example, to create a hole or trench.

Grading is the process of shaping the surface of a land area by moving earth, rocks, or other materials. Excavation is the process of digging into the surface of land to extract minerals, earth, or other materials.